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Citation Help and Style Guide

This guide will provide information on APA, MLA, and Chicago/Turabian citation styles.

Chicago/Turabian Guide (9th edition)

This page focus on the Notes-Bibliography System (NB), which is used by those in literature, history, and the arts. However, there are two Chicago Manual of Style documentation Styles: 

  • Notes-Bibliography System (NB)
  • Author-Date System (check with your professor to see if they want you to use the Author-Date system)

In the NB system:

  • Include a note (endnote or footnote) each time you use a source, whether through a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary.
  • Footnotes will be added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, and endnotes will be compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document.
  • Whether using endnotes or footnotes, use a superscript number1 corresponding to a note with the bibliographic information for that source should be placed in the text following the end of the sentence or clause in which the source is referenced.

Source: Purdue OWL - Chicago Style Guide

Footnote or Endnote Reference Format Corresponding Bibliography Entry Format
Journal article with DOI (Turabian sec. 17.2) Use DOI if available or stable URL if not

1. Quentin Taylor, "The Mask of Publius: Alexander Hamilton and the Politics of Expediency," American Political Thought 5, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 63, https://doi.org/10.1086/684559

Taylor, Quentin.  "The Mask of Publius: Alexander Hamilton and the Politics of Expediency." American Political Thought 5, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 55-79. https://doi.org/10.1086/684559

Journal article, from database (15.4.1.4)

Can give database name instead of URL

2. Anastacia Kurylo, “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum,” China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 16, accessed March 9, 2013, Academic OneFile.

Kurylo, Anastacia. “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum.” China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 15–28. Accessed March 9, 2013. Academic OneFile.

Journal article, print (17.2)

  

3. Alexandra Bogren, “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate,” Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 156.

Bogren, Alexandra. “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate.” Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 155–69.
Magazine article (17.3) No volume or issue numbers used

4. Jill Lepore, “Dickens in Eden,” New Yorker, August 29, 2011, 52.

Lepore, Jill. “Dickens in Eden.” New Yorker, August 29, 2011.
Newspaper article (17.4)  

5. Richard Simon, "Redistricting Could Cost California Some Clout in Washington," Los Angeles Times, August 28, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011, http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-california-congress-20110829,01873016.story.

None. "In most cases, cite articles . . . from daily newspapers only in notes."
Book by single author (17.1.1)  

6. Harriet Murav, Music from a Speeding Train: Jewish Literature in Post-Revolution Russia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011), 219-20.

Murav, Harriet. Music from a Speeding Train: Jewish Literature in Post-Revolution Russia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011.
Book by multiple authors (17.1.1)  

7. Donald R. Kinder and Allison Dale-Riddle, The End of Race? Obama, 2008, and Racial Politics in America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012), 47.

Kinder, Donald R. and Allison Dale-Riddle. End of Race? Obama, 2008, and Racial Politics in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.
Chapter in a book (17.1.8)  

8. Cameron Binkley, “Saving Redwoods: Clubwomen and Conservation, 1900-1925,” in California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression, ed. Robert W. Cherny, May Ann Irwin, and Ann Marie Wilson (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 155.

Binkley, Cameron. “Saving Redwoods: Clubwomen and Conservation, 1900-1925.” In California Women and Politics: From the Gold Rush to the Great Depression, edited by Robert W. Cherny, May Ann Irwin, and Ann Marie Wilson, 151-74. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011.
Online Book (17.1.10)  

9. George Pattison, God and Being: An Enquiry (Oxford University Press, 2011), 103-4, accessed September 2, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588688.001.0001.

Pattison, George. God and Being: An Enquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Accessed September 2, 2012, http://dx.doi. org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588688. 001.0001.
Encyclopedia article online (17.9.1)  

10.Encyclopaedia Britannica, s.v. “Dame Margaret Drabble,” accessed March 9, 2017, http://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Drabble.

None. "Well-known reference works . . . should usually be cited only in notes."
Web Site or Web Page (17.5.1)  

11. "Privacy Policy," Privacy & Terms, last modified March 25, 2016, http://www.google.com/policies/privacy.

Google. "Privacy Policy." Privacy & Terms. Last modified March 25, 2016.  http://www.google.com/policies/privacy.

Shortened Note for Works Cited Earlier (16.4)

For footnotes (or endnotes), when one citation to the same work immediately follows another on the same page, "ibid." can be used in the latter note.

12. Harriet Murav, Music from a Speeding Train: Jewish Literature in Post-Revolution Russia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011), 219.

13. Ibid., 111.

If reference is to a work already cited in full but not in the note immediately preceding, and only one work of the author has been used, then just the author's last name is needed.

14. Murav, 204.

If two or more works of the same author have been cited, use the author's last name and brief title.

15. Murav, Speeding Train, 204.

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