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Library Research Guide

This guide will help MSU students get started with research using the MSU Library resources.

Google Scholar

Tips and Tricks for Google Searching

Search within a Specific Site or Domain
Precede your query with site: if you know you want your answer from within a specific site or type of site (.org, .edu). For example: site:edu or site:nytimes.com.

Search by File Type
Search for specific types of files, such as PDFs, PPTs, or XLS, by adding filetype: and the 3-letter file abbreviation.

For example hellbender filetype:.pdf

Include or Ignore Words and Characters in Your Search
Highlight common words and characters such as the and & if they are essential to your search (as in a movie or book title) by putting quotation marks "the" around them. You can also use the minus - sign to specify particular items you don't want in your results, like ingredients in a recipe.

Similar Terms
Get results that include synonyms by placing the ~ sign immediately in front of your search term. A search for Christmas ~dessert recipes, for instance, will return results for desserts, along with candy, cookies and other treats.

Other Tips and Tricks

  • Minus sign for NOT. ex hellbender –movie
  • Hellbender Site:.gov or Hellbender site:www.fws.gov to search either a specific domain or a specific website
  • Quotes for exact terms “eastern hellbender”
  • Asterisk as a wildcard place holder  "* hellbender" will return eastern hellbender, ozark hellbender, etc.
  • OR use OR between search terms to find one of several words salamander OR hellbender

For more help see the Google Search Tips page